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LOCALECTL(1) localectl LOCALECTL(1)
NNAAMMEE
localectl - Control the system locale and keyboard layout settings
SSYYNNOOPPSSIISS
llooccaalleeccttll [OPTIONS...] {COMMAND}
DDEESSCCRRIIPPTTIIOONN
llooccaalleeccttll may be used to query and change the system locale and
keyboard layout settings. It communicates with ssyysstteemmdd--llooccaalleedd(8) to
modify files such as /etc/locale.conf and /etc/vconsole.conf.
The system locale controls the language settings of system services and
of the UI before the user logs in, such as the display manager, as well
as the default for users after login.
The keyboard settings control the keyboard layout used on the text
console and of the graphical UI before the user logs in, such as the
display manager, as well as the default for users after login.
Note that the changes performed using this tool might require the
initramfs to be rebuilt to take effect during early system boot. The
initramfs is not rebuilt automatically by localectl.
Note that ssyysstteemmdd--ffiirrssttbboooott(1) may be used to initialize the system
locale for mounted (but not booted) system images.
CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS
The following commands are understood:
ssttaattuuss
Show current settings of the system locale and keyboard mapping. If
no command is specified, this is the implied default.
sseett--llooccaallee LLOOCCAALLEE, sseett--llooccaallee VVAARRIIAABBLLEE==LLOOCCAALLEE......
Set the system locale. This takes one locale such as "en_US.UTF-8",
or takes one or more locale assignments such as "LANG=de_DE.utf8",
"LC_MESSAGES=en_GB.utf8", and so on. If one locale without variable
name is provided, then "LANG=" locale variable will be set. See
llooccaallee(7) for details on the available settings and their meanings.
Use lliisstt--llooccaalleess for a list of available locales (see below).
lliisstt--llooccaalleess
List available locales useful for configuration with sseett--llooccaallee.
sseett--kkeeyymmaapp MMAAPP [[TTOOGGGGLLEEMMAAPP]]
Set the system keyboard mapping for the console and X11. This takes
a mapping name (such as "de" or "us"), and possibly a second one to
define a toggle keyboard mapping. Unless ----nnoo--ccoonnvveerrtt is passed,
the selected setting is also applied as the default system keyboard
mapping of X11, after converting it to the closest matching X11
keyboard mapping. Use lliisstt--kkeeyymmaappss for a list of available keyboard
mappings (see below).
lliisstt--kkeeyymmaappss
List available keyboard mappings for the console, useful for
configuration with sseett--kkeeyymmaapp.
sseett--xx1111--kkeeyymmaapp LLAAYYOOUUTT [[MMOODDEELL [[VVAARRIIAANNTT [[OOPPTTIIOONNSS]]]]]]
Set the system default keyboard mapping for X11 and the virtual
console. This takes a keyboard mapping name (such as "de" or "us"),
and possibly a model, variant, and options, see kkbbdd(4) for details.
Unless ----nnoo--ccoonnvveerrtt is passed, the selected setting is also applied
as the system console keyboard mapping, after converting it to the
closest matching console keyboard mapping.
lliisstt--xx1111--kkeeyymmaapp--mmooddeellss, lliisstt--xx1111--kkeeyymmaapp--llaayyoouuttss,
lliisstt--xx1111--kkeeyymmaapp--vvaarriiaannttss [[LLAAYYOOUUTT]], lliisstt--xx1111--kkeeyymmaapp--ooppttiioonnss
List available X11 keymap models, layouts, variants and options,
useful for configuration with sseett--kkeeyymmaapp. The command
lliisstt--xx1111--kkeeyymmaapp--vvaarriiaannttss optionally takes a layout parameter to
limit the output to the variants suitable for the specific layout.
OOPPTTIIOONNSS
The following options are understood:
----nnoo--aasskk--ppaasssswwoorrdd
Do not query the user for authentication for privileged operations.
----nnoo--ccoonnvveerrtt
If sseett--kkeeyymmaapp or sseett--xx1111--kkeeyymmaapp is invoked and this option is
passed, then the keymap will not be converted from the console to
X11, or X11 to console, respectively.
--HH, ----hhoosstt==
Execute the operation remotely. Specify a hostname, or a username
and hostname separated by "@", to connect to. The hostname may
optionally be suffixed by a port ssh is listening on, separated by
":", and then a container name, separated by "/", which connects
directly to a specific container on the specified host. This will
use SSH to talk to the remote machine manager instance. Container
names may be enumerated with mmaacchhiinneeccttll --HH _H_O_S_T. Put IPv6 addresses
in brackets.
--MM, ----mmaacchhiinnee==
Execute operation on a local container. Specify a container name to
connect to, optionally prefixed by a user name to connect as and a
separating "@" character. If the special string ".host" is used in
place of the container name, a connection to the local system is
made (which is useful to connect to a specific user's user bus:
"--user --machine=lennart@.host"). If the "@" syntax is not used,
the connection is made as root user. If the "@" syntax is used
either the left hand side or the right hand side may be omitted
(but not both) in which case the local user name and ".host" are
implied.
--hh, ----hheellpp
Print a short help text and exit.
----vveerrssiioonn
Print a short version string and exit.
----nnoo--ppaaggeerr
Do not pipe output into a pager.
EEXXIITT SSTTAATTUUSS
On success, 0 is returned, a non-zero failure code otherwise.
EENNVVIIRROONNMMEENNTT
_$_S_Y_S_T_E_M_D___L_O_G___L_E_V_E_L
The maximum log level of emitted messages (messages with a higher
log level, i.e. less important ones, will be suppressed). Either
one of (in order of decreasing importance) eemmeerrgg, aalleerrtt, ccrriitt, eerrrr,
wwaarrnniinngg, nnoottiiccee, iinnffoo, ddeebbuugg, or an integer in the range 0...7. See
ssyysslloogg(3) for more information.
_$_S_Y_S_T_E_M_D___L_O_G___C_O_L_O_R
A boolean. If true, messages written to the tty will be colored
according to priority.
This setting is only useful when messages are written directly to
the terminal, because jjoouurrnnaallccttll(1) and other tools that display
logs will color messages based on the log level on their own.
_$_S_Y_S_T_E_M_D___L_O_G___T_I_M_E
A boolean. If true, console log messages will be prefixed with a
timestamp.
This setting is only useful when messages are written directly to
the terminal or a file, because jjoouurrnnaallccttll(1) and other tools that
display logs will attach timestamps based on the entry metadata on
their own.
_$_S_Y_S_T_E_M_D___L_O_G___L_O_C_A_T_I_O_N
A boolean. If true, messages will be prefixed with a filename and
line number in the source code where the message originates.
Note that the log location is often attached as metadata to journal
entries anyway. Including it directly in the message text can
nevertheless be convenient when debugging programs.
_$_S_Y_S_T_E_M_D___L_O_G___T_I_D
A boolean. If true, messages will be prefixed with the current
numerical thread ID (TID).
Note that the this information is attached as metadata to journal
entries anyway. Including it directly in the message text can
nevertheless be convenient when debugging programs.
_$_S_Y_S_T_E_M_D___L_O_G___T_A_R_G_E_T
The destination for log messages. One of ccoonnssoollee (log to the
attached tty), ccoonnssoollee--pprreeffiixxeedd (log to the attached tty but with
prefixes encoding the log level and "facility", see ssyysslloogg(3), kkmmssgg
(log to the kernel circular log buffer), jjoouurrnnaall (log to the
journal), jjoouurrnnaall--oorr--kkmmssgg (log to the journal if available, and to
kmsg otherwise), aauuttoo (determine the appropriate log target
automatically, the default), nnuullll (disable log output).
_$_S_Y_S_T_E_M_D___P_A_G_E_R
Pager to use when ----nnoo--ppaaggeerr is not given; overrides _$_P_A_G_E_R. If
neither _$_S_Y_S_T_E_M_D___P_A_G_E_R nor _$_P_A_G_E_R are set, a set of well-known
pager implementations are tried in turn, including lleessss(1) and
mmoorree(1), until one is found. If no pager implementation is
discovered no pager is invoked. Setting this environment variable
to an empty string or the value "cat" is equivalent to passing
----nnoo--ppaaggeerr.
Note: if _$_S_Y_S_T_E_M_D___P_A_G_E_R_S_E_C_U_R_E is not set, _$_S_Y_S_T_E_M_D___P_A_G_E_R (as well
as _$_P_A_G_E_R) will be silently ignored.
_$_S_Y_S_T_E_M_D___L_E_S_S
Override the options passed to lleessss (by default "FRSXMK").
Users might want to change two options in particular:
KK
This option instructs the pager to exit immediately when Ctrl+C
is pressed. To allow lleessss to handle Ctrl+C itself to switch
back to the pager command prompt, unset this option.
If the value of _$_S_Y_S_T_E_M_D___L_E_S_S does not include "K", and the
pager that is invoked is lleessss, Ctrl+C will be ignored by the
executable, and needs to be handled by the pager.
XX
This option instructs the pager to not send termcap
initialization and deinitialization strings to the terminal. It
is set by default to allow command output to remain visible in
the terminal even after the pager exits. Nevertheless, this
prevents some pager functionality from working, in particular
paged output cannot be scrolled with the mouse.
See lleessss(1) for more discussion.
_$_S_Y_S_T_E_M_D___L_E_S_S_C_H_A_R_S_E_T
Override the charset passed to lleessss (by default "utf-8", if the
invoking terminal is determined to be UTF-8 compatible).
_$_S_Y_S_T_E_M_D___P_A_G_E_R_S_E_C_U_R_E
Takes a boolean argument. When true, the "secure" mode of the pager
is enabled; if false, disabled. If _$_S_Y_S_T_E_M_D___P_A_G_E_R_S_E_C_U_R_E is not set
at all, secure mode is enabled if the effective UID is not the same
as the owner of the login session, see ggeetteeuuiidd(2) and
ssdd__ppiidd__ggeett__oowwnneerr__uuiidd(3). In secure mode, LLEESSSSSSEECCUURREE==11 will be set
when invoking the pager, and the pager shall disable commands that
open or create new files or start new subprocesses. When
_$_S_Y_S_T_E_M_D___P_A_G_E_R_S_E_C_U_R_E is not set at all, pagers which are not known
to implement secure mode will not be used. (Currently only lleessss(1)
implements secure mode.)
Note: when commands are invoked with elevated privileges, for
example under ssuuddoo(8) or ppkkeexxeecc(1), care must be taken to ensure
that unintended interactive features are not enabled. "Secure" mode
for the pager may be enabled automatically as describe above.
Setting _S_Y_S_T_E_M_D___P_A_G_E_R_S_E_C_U_R_E_=_0 or not removing it from the inherited
environment allows the user to invoke arbitrary commands. Note that
if the _$_S_Y_S_T_E_M_D___P_A_G_E_R or _$_P_A_G_E_R variables are to be honoured,
_$_S_Y_S_T_E_M_D___P_A_G_E_R_S_E_C_U_R_E must be set too. It might be reasonable to
completely disable the pager using ----nnoo--ppaaggeerr instead.
_$_S_Y_S_T_E_M_D___C_O_L_O_R_S
Takes a boolean argument. When true, ssyysstteemmdd and related utilities
will use colors in their output, otherwise the output will be
monochrome. Additionally, the variable can take one of the
following special values: "16", "256" to restrict the use of colors
to the base 16 or 256 ANSI colors, respectively. This can be
specified to override the automatic decision based on _$_T_E_R_M and
what the console is connected to.
_$_S_Y_S_T_E_M_D___U_R_L_I_F_Y
The value must be a boolean. Controls whether clickable links
should be generated in the output for terminal emulators supporting
this. This can be specified to override the decision that ssyysstteemmdd
makes based on _$_T_E_R_M and other conditions.
SSEEEE AALLSSOO
ssyysstteemmdd(1), llooccaallee(7), llooccaallee..ccoonnff(5), vvccoonnssoollee..ccoonnff(5), llooaaddkkeeyyss(1),
kkbbdd(4), TThhee XXKKBB CCoonnffiigguurraattiioonn GGuuiiddee[1], ssyysstteemmccttll(1), ssyysstteemmdd--
llooccaalleedd..sseerrvviiccee(8), ssyysstteemmdd--ffiirrssttbboooott(1), mmkkiinniittrrdd(8)
NNOOTTEESS
1. The XKB Configuration Guide
http://www.x.org/releases/current/doc/xorg-docs/input/XKB-Config.html
systemd 251 LOCALECTL(1)

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1)
localectl status
localectl list-keymaps
2)
lsblk
nvme0n1 en 5 disques logique
lsblk -p
findmnt -l : affiche systeme de fichier sous forme de liste
non ca n'affiche pas la meme chose mount et cat /etc/mtab

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I.
1. La commande est localectl status ou localectl (tout court) donne la locale courante (langue...) ainsi que la disposition courante du clavier.
- Le contenue du fichier /etc/vconsole.conf est conforme à ce qui est annoncé par localectl.
- localectl list-keymaps donne la liste des dispositions clavier disponibles dans le système
II.
1.
-lsblk donne le nom du disque ainsi que la liste de ses partitions
-divisé en 5 partitions
-lsblk -p
2. mount donne la liste de tous les systèmes de fichiers qui sont montés y compris les pseudo systèmes de fichiers (ceux qui ne correspondent pas à des partitions sur disque) mount et/etc/mtab donnent les mêmes informations
-man fstab dit que le fichier /etc/fstab donne les systèmes de fichiers qui peuvent être montés:
certains au moment du boot, d'autre, plus tard, par l'utilisateurs, par exemple
-findmnt donne les mêmes informations que mount mais en les structurant sous la forme d'un arbre
-findmnt --real ne donne que les "vrais" systèmes de fichiers donc ne donne pas les pseudo-syst de fichiers
III.
Ip link permet de voir la liste des interfaces réseau de la machine
ip adresse montre sur quelle interface on a une adresse réseau affecter
rfkill verifie si la carte wifi est bloquée ou non
2. ip link permet, entre autres, de "reveiller" la carte reseau si elle n'est pas indiquée "LOWER_UP". Faire ip link help
ou man ip pour voir quelle ligne de commande on passe dans ce cas. On écrit la ligne de cmd dans le fichier réponse. On ne pourra pas la tester, ici parce qu'il faut être root sur la machine.0