import javax.swing.*;

public class test {
   public static void main(String[] args) {
      JFrame frame = new JFrame("Exemple de JLabel en bas de JPanel");
      JPanel panel = new JPanel(new BorderLayout());

      JLabel label = new JLabel("Label en bas");
      panel.add(label, BorderLayout.SOUTH);

      frame.getContentPane().add(panel);
      frame.pack();
      frame.setVisible(true);
   }
}