159 lines
4.6 KiB
Plaintext
159 lines
4.6 KiB
Plaintext
[4mDD[24m(1) User Commands [4mDD[24m(1)
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[1mNAME[0m
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dd - convert and copy a file
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[1mSYNOPSIS[0m
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[1mdd [22m[[4mOPERAND[24m]...
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[1mdd [4m[22mOPTION[0m
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[1mDESCRIPTION[0m
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Copy a file, converting and formatting according to the operands.
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bs=BYTES
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read and write up to BYTES bytes at a time (default: 512); over‐
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rides ibs and obs
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cbs=BYTES
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convert BYTES bytes at a time
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conv=CONVS
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convert the file as per the comma separated symbol list
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count=N
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copy only N input blocks
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ibs=BYTES
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read up to BYTES bytes at a time (default: 512)
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if=FILE
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read from FILE instead of stdin
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iflag=FLAGS
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read as per the comma separated symbol list
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obs=BYTES
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write BYTES bytes at a time (default: 512)
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of=FILE
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write to FILE instead of stdout
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oflag=FLAGS
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write as per the comma separated symbol list
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seek=N (or oseek=N) skip N obs-sized output blocks
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skip=N (or iseek=N) skip N ibs-sized input blocks
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status=LEVEL
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The LEVEL of information to print to stderr; ’none’ suppresses
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everything but error messages, ’noxfer’ suppresses the final
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transfer statistics, ’progress’ shows periodic transfer statis‐
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tics
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N and BYTES may be followed by the following multiplicative suffixes:
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c=1, w=2, b=512, kB=1000, K=1024, MB=1000*1000, M=1024*1024, xM=M,
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GB=1000*1000*1000, G=1024*1024*1024, and so on for T, P, E, Z, Y, R, Q.
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Binary prefixes can be used, too: KiB=K, MiB=M, and so on. If N ends
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in ’B’, it counts bytes not blocks.
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Each CONV symbol may be:
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ascii from EBCDIC to ASCII
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ebcdic from ASCII to EBCDIC
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ibm from ASCII to alternate EBCDIC
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block pad newline-terminated records with spaces to cbs-size
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unblock
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replace trailing spaces in cbs-size records with newline
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lcase change upper case to lower case
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ucase change lower case to upper case
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sparse try to seek rather than write all-NUL output blocks
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swab swap every pair of input bytes
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sync pad every input block with NULs to ibs-size; when used with
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block or unblock, pad with spaces rather than NULs
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excl fail if the output file already exists
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nocreat
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do not create the output file
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notrunc
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do not truncate the output file
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noerror
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continue after read errors
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fdatasync
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physically write output file data before finishing
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fsync likewise, but also write metadata
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Each FLAG symbol may be:
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append append mode (makes sense only for output; conv=notrunc sug‐
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gested)
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direct use direct I/O for data
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directory
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fail unless a directory
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dsync use synchronized I/O for data
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sync likewise, but also for metadata
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fullblock
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accumulate full blocks of input (iflag only)
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nonblock
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use non-blocking I/O
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noatime
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do not update access time
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nocache
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Request to drop cache. See also oflag=sync
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noctty do not assign controlling terminal from file
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nofollow
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do not follow symlinks
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Sending a USR1 signal to a running ’dd’ process makes it print I/O sta‐
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tistics to standard error and then resume copying.
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Options are:
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[1m--help [22mdisplay this help and exit
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[1m--version[0m
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output version information and exit
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[1mAUTHOR[0m
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Written by Paul Rubin, David MacKenzie, and Stuart Kemp.
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[1mREPORTING BUGS[0m
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GNU coreutils online help: <https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/>
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Report any translation bugs to <https://translationproject.org/team/>
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[1mCOPYRIGHT[0m
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Copyright © 2023 Free Software Foundation, Inc. License GPLv3+: GNU
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GPL version 3 or later <https://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>.
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This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.
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There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.
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[1mSEE ALSO[0m
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Full documentation <https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/dd>
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or available locally via: info '(coreutils) dd invocation'
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GNU coreutils 9.3 April 2023 [4mDD[24m(1)
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